INTERS
Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science
Edited by G. Tanzella-Nitti, P. Larrey and A. Strumia
The Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science (INTERS) is a dynamic, on line only data base, consisting in extensive, updated entries, signed by scholars who are accomplished in both scientific and humanistic research work. The Encyclopedia is intended to provide sound review articles in the rapidly growing international field of Religion and Science. Each article provides a readable and comprehensive summary of what is currently being discussed in religion and science on specific topics as well as how these topics were discussed historically.
The Catalogue of the Encyclopedia is still in progress. New articles are introduced and those already on line are ready to be updated by their Authors under the direction of the Editors. A good number of the articles belonging to the INTERS dynamic data base, were originally published in Italian as part of the Dizionario Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede (Rome: Urbaniana University Press - Città Nuova, 2002 - ISBN 88-401-1050-X), a two-volume Encyclopedia written primarily by European authors.
A first project of translating into English part of the articles of the Italian Dizionario was supported by The Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, Berkeley, to foster the dialogue between European and American scholars on some of the most important topics in Religion and Science.

About the Encyclopaedia
To read the articles properly
General Abbreviations
Sources for the Documents of the Catholic Church
Abbreviations for special sources
Latin titles of the Documents of the Catholic Church
About the Encyclopaedia
The Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science (INTERS) is intended to satisfy in a qualified way a specific cultural necessity in the field of Religion and Science. Through the appropriate entries of a comprehensible and easy to consult Catalogue, the reader will find an updated summary of what religion and science have to say on a specific item and/or how they came into debate on that same item throughout history. The discussion is focused mainly on the Judaeo-Christian idea of God, because that religious tradition was especially interwoven with the history and the development of scientific thought
Believing readers, university students, teachers or intellectuals, who have no special acquaintance with religion and science literature and want to compare the content of their religious faith with the outcomes of contemporary natural sciences, are often faced with popular literature that is philosophically unsound. They usually do not have an easy access to high quality interdisciplinary literature, whose circulation is generally confined to restricted cultural groups. Those who are non believers, on the other hand, find some difficulties in approaching the teachings of Christian theology, which have a specialized diffusion as well. As a consequence, they have incomplete or even incorrect information on what religious faith says on scientific topics.
The proposed subject-headings are meant to answer directly the most pivotal problems in the debate between religion and science or, at least, to put that debate on its right track. Some headings correspond to specific disciplines to show how the religion/science debate or dialogue took place and has developed up to now in that particular field of human culture. Philosophic headings are offered as well, to cast light on the conceptual knots of the debate. Theological entries supply the reader with original sources necessary to understand the content of believers' faith on issues of major religious importance. A special attention is given to those items which have an extended and consolidated role in the mass media (Ecology, Extraterrestrial Life, Artificial Intelligence, Mind-Body relationship, New Age, Shroud of Turin, etc.).
The English summaries of the articles that belonged to the complete Catalogue of the published Italian Dizionario Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede are available on line.
The dynamic, in progress Catalogue of INTERS data base is available as well and includes on line and forthcoming articles.
How to quote the Encyclopedia
INTERS data base is a dynamic, on line only Encyclopedia. Articles are periodically updated under the control and supervision of the Editors.
INTERS can be read at one of these URL addresses:
http://www.inters.org
http://www.disf.org/en
http://www.ctns.org/encyclopaedia.html
To refer to the content of the articles, please quote Author, Title and its source:
INTERS– Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science, edited by G. Tanzella-Nitti, P. Larrey and A. Strumia, http://www.inters.org.
To read the articles properly
Abbreviations, sources and Latin titles of documents, are captioned as follows:
GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS
| CDF |
Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith |
| Heb. |
in Hebrew |
| Gr. |
in Greek |
| ITC |
International Theological Commission |
| Lat. |
in Latin |
| LEV |
Libreria Editrice Vaticana |
| NT |
The New Testament |
| OT |
The Old Testament |
| PBC |
Pontifical Biblical Commission |
SOURCES FOR THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
| AAS |
Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Roma - Città del Vaticano
1909ss |
| ASS |
Acta Sanctae Sedis, Romae 1865-1908 |
| CCC |
Catechism of the Catholic Church, Città del Vaticano
1997 on line at http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/ccc_toc.htm |
| DH |
H. DENZINGER, Enchiridion Simbolorum, definitionum
et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum. The numbers refer to
the updated version edited by P. Hünermann, Freiburg i.B. 1991. |
| Discorsi e Radiomessaggi |
Collection of Teachings of Pius XII, Discorsi e Radiomessaggi
di Sua Santità Pio XII, 20 vols., Vita e Pensiero, Milano and
LEV, Città del Vaticano 1941-1959 |
| EE |
Enchiridion delle Encicliche, 8 vols., Dehoniane,
Bologna 1994-1998 |
| EV |
Enchiridion Vaticanum, Dehoniane, Bologna 1966f |
| General Audience |
John Paul II, Wednesday's General Audiences: on line
at http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/audiences/ |
| Insegnamenti |
Collection of Teachings of the Popes, Paul VI (1963-1978)
and John Paul II (1978f), LEV, Città del Vaticano. |
| OR |
L'Osservatore Romano, Città del Vaticano |
| ORWE |
L'Osservatore Romano, English Weekly Edition,
Città del Vaticano |
| Papal Addresses |
Benedict XV - John Paul II , Papal Addresses to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1917-2002) and to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994-2002) , “Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia”, n. 100, Città del Vaticano 2003 |
ABBREVIATIONS FOR SPECIAL SOURCES
| DFT |
Dictionary of Fundamental Theology, edited by
R. Latourelle and R. Fisichella, Crossroad, New York 1994 |
| Diels-Kranz |
Diels-Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker,
Berlin 196612 |
| DSB |
Dictionary of Scientific Biographies, edited
by C. Gillispie, 16 voll., Scribner's, New York 1970-1980 |
| DTC |
Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique, 15 vols.,
Paris 1903-1946 |
| NDTB |
Nuovo Dizionario di Teologia Biblica, edited
by P. Rossano, G. Ravasi, A. Girlanda, San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo
1988 |
| PG |
J.P. MIGNE, Patrologiae cursus completus, Ecclesia
Graeca, Paris 1857-1866 |
| PL |
J.P. MIGNE, Patrologiae cursus completus, Ecclesia
Latina, Paris 1844-1855 |
| TDNT |
G. Kittel , G. Friedrich (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the New Testament , transl. by G.W. Bromiley, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids (MI) 1965f |
| TLOT |
E. Jenni, C. Westermann (eds.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament , transl. by M.E. Biddle, 3 vols., Hendrickson, Peabody (MA) 1997 |
LATIN TITLES OF THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Only documents published after the First Vatican Council (1870) are here listed. The titles and dates of the documents issued before 1870 are reported in the texts of the articles. The dates of the documents quoted here and along the whole data base are written according to the convention DD.MM.YYYY.
| Apostolicam actuositatem |
Second Vatican Council, decr. Apostolicam actuositatem,
18.11.1965 |
| Centesimus annus |
John Paul II, encyclical Centesimus annus, 1.5.1991 |
| Dei Filius |
First Vatican Council, dogm. const. Dei Filius,
24.4.1870 |
| Dei Verbum |
Second Vatican Council, dogm. const. Dei Verbum,
18.11.1965 |
| Dignitatis humanae |
Second Vatican Council, decl. Dignitatis humanae,
7.12.1965 |
| Dies Domini |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Dies Domini, 31.5.1998 |
| Dives in misericordia |
John Paul II, encyclical Dives in misericordia,
30.11.1980 |
| Divino afflante Spiritu |
Pius XII, encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu,
30.9.1943 |
| Dolentium hominum |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Dolentium hominum,
11.2.1985 |
| Dominum et vivificantem |
John Paul II, encyclical Dominum et vivificantem,
18.5.1986 |
| Donum veritatis |
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, instruction
Donum veritatis, 24.5.1990 |
| Donum vitae |
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, instruction
Donum Vitae, 22.2.1987 |
| Evangelii nuntiandi |
Paul VI, apostolic exhort. Evangelii nuntiandi,
8.12.1975 |
| Evangelium vitae |
John Paul II, encyclical Evangelium vitae, 25.3.1995 |
| Ex corde Ecclesiae |
John Paul II, apostolic const. on the Catholic Universities,
Ex corde Ecclesiae, 15.8.1990 |
| Familiaris Consortio |
John Paul II, apostolic exhort. Familiaris Consortio,
22.11.1981 |
| Fides et ratio |
John Paul II, encyclical Fides et ratio, 14.9.1998 |
| Gaudium et spes |
Second Vatican Council, past. const. Gaudium et Spes,
7.12.1965 |
| Gravissimum educationis |
Second Vatican Council, decree Gravissimum educationis,
28.10.1965 |
| Humanae vitae |
Paul VI, encyclical Humanae vitae, 25.7.1968 |
| Humani generis |
Pius XII, encyclical Humani generis, 12.8.1950 |
| Immortale Dei |
Leo XIII, encyclical Immortale Dei, 1.11.1885 |
| Incarnationis mysterium |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Incarnationis mysterium,
29.11.1998 |
| Lamentabili |
Holy Office, decree Lamentabili, 3.7.1907 |
| Laborem exercens |
John Paul II, encyclical Laborem exercens, 14.9.1981 |
| Lumen gentium |
Second Vatican Council, dogm. const. Lumen gentium,
21.11.1964 |
| Mater et magistra |
John XXIII, encyclical Mater et magistra, 15.5.1961 |
| Mulieris dignitatem |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Mulieris dignitatem,
15.8.1988 |
| Nostra aetate |
Second Vatican Council, decl. Nostra aetate,
28.10.1965 |
| Novo millennio ineunte |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Novo millennio ineunte,
6.1.2001 |
| Pacem in terris |
John XXII, encyclical Pacem in terris, 11.4.1963 |
| Pascendi |
Pius X, encyclical Pascendi Dominici gregis,
8.9.1907 |
| Populorum progressio |
Paul VI, encyclical Populorum progressio, 26.3.1967 |
| Providentissimus Deus |
Leo XIII, encyclical Providentissimus Deus, 18.11.1893 |
| Redemptor hominis |
John Paul II, encyclical Redemptor hominis, 4.3.1979 |
| Salvifici doloris |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Salvifici doloris,
11.2.1984 |
| Sollicitudo rei socialis |
John Paul II, encyclical Sollicitudo rei socialis,
30.12.1987 |
| Tertio millennio adveniente |
John Paul II, apostolic lett. Tertio millennio adveniente,
10.11.1994 |
| Unitatis redintegratio |
Second Vatican Council, decree Unitatis redintegratio,
21.11.1964 |
| Veritatis splendor |
John Paul II, encyclical Veritatis splendor,
6.8.1993 |
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